8th Class English Notes (Unit 8.2) Happiness and Health
This is Text-2 of chapter #8 “Diet And Fitness” in the 8th class English book. It provides students with 8th Class English Notes of Unit 8.2 titled Happiness and Health.
In this complete guide and key book, you get solved exercises of the 8th class English textbook (new edition) of Federal Board (FBISE) and all Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) boards of Elementary and Secondary Education.
8th Class English Notes (Unit 8.2) Happiness and Health
Urdu Translation of the Lesson “Happiness and Health”
خوشی اور صحت
خوشی اور صحت کا آپس میں گہرا تعلق ہے۔ مگر خوشی کو کیسے ناپا جائے؟ شاید صحت ہی وہ پیمانہ ہے جس سے معلوم ہوتا ہے کہ لوگ کتنے خوش ہیں۔ عام طور پر کہا جاتا ہے کہ “خوش لوگ کم بیمار پڑتے ہیں۔” کچھ لوگ کہتے ہیں کہ ہنسی بہترین دوا ہے اور بہت سے سائنسدان اس بات سے اتفاق کرتے ہیں۔ کہا جاتا ہے کہ جب ہم ہنستے ہیں تو ہمارے چہرے کے 15 عضلات حرکت میں آتے ہیں اور یہ ہمارے جسم کے ہر حصے کے لئے فائدہ مند ہے۔ ہنسی کے کچھ فوائد یہ ہیں کہ یہ پورے جسم کو پرسکون کر دیتی ہے۔ ایک اچھی، دل سے نکلی ہوئی ہنسی جسمانی تناؤ اور دباؤ کو کم کرتی ہے اور ہمارے عضلات کو 45 منٹ تک آرام دہ رکھتی ہے۔ ہنسی مدافعتی نظام کو بہتر کرتی ہے، دباؤ کے ہارمونز کو کم کرتی ہے، مدافعتی خلیات اور انفیکشن سے لڑنے والی اینٹی باڈیز کو بڑھاتی ہے، جس سے ہماری بیماریوں کے خلاف مزاحمت بڑھتی ہے۔ ہنسی اینڈورفنز کے اخراج کو تحریک دیتی ہے، جو قدرتی طور پر خوشی کا احساس دلاتے ہیں اور عارضی طور پر درد کو بھی کم کر سکتے ہیں۔ ہنسی دل کی حفاظت کرتی ہے، یہ خون کی نالیوں کی کارکردگی کو بہتر بناتی ہے اور خون کے بہاؤ کو بڑھاتی ہے، جو ہمیں دل کے دورے اور دیگر قلبی مسائل سے بچا سکتی ہے۔ ہنسی غصے کے بوجھ کو ہلکا کرتی ہے، مشترکہ ہنسی غصے اور تنازعات کو تیزی سے ختم کرتی ہے۔ مسائل کو مزاحیہ زاویے سے دیکھنے سے انہیں حل کرنے میں آسانی ہوتی ہے اور تنازعات کے بعد بغیر کسی کڑواہٹ یا رنجش کے آگے بڑھنے میں مدد ملتی ہے۔ ہنسی آپ کی عمر کو بھی بڑھا سکتی ہے۔ ناروے کی ایک تحقیق کے مطابق، وہ لوگ جن میں مزاح کا عنصر زیادہ ہوتا ہے، ان لوگوں سے زیادہ جیتے ہیں جو کم ہنستے ہیں۔ یہ فرق خاص طور پر ان لوگوں میں نمایاں تھا جو کینسر سے لڑ رہے تھے۔
کسی ملک میں کتنے لوگ بیمار یا غیر صحت مند محسوس کرتے ہیں، اس کا اندازہ لگانا بھی آسان ہے۔ مثال کے طور پر، ایک سروے کے مطابق آئس لینڈ ‘دنیا کا سب سے صحت مند ملک’ ہے کیونکہ وہاں اوسط عمر زیادہ ہے اور ہوا کی کوالٹی دنیا میں سب سے بہتر ہے۔ آئس لینڈ میں فی کس ڈاکٹر کی تعداد دنیا میں سب سے زیادہ ہے۔ لیکن ایک اور سروے کے مطابق ڈنمارک اور سوئٹزرلینڈ دنیا کے سب سے خوش ممالک ہیں جہاں لوگ 80 سال یا اس سے زیادہ کی عمر تک زندہ رہتے ہیں۔
خوشی اور صحت کے پیمانے واضح طور پر بیان کیے گئے ہیں۔ آرام اور تفریح کے درمیان صحیح توازن، پیاروں کے ساتھ رابطہ، دوستی اور ہمراہی خوشی میں اہم کردار ادا کرتے ہیں۔ انسانی خوشی اس بات میں چھپی ہے کہ ہم کتنے محفوظ محسوس کرتے ہیں، ہم کتنے صحت مند ہیں، اور ہم اپنی زندگی کو اپنی مرضی کے مطابق جینے کی کتنی آزادی رکھتے ہیں۔ نیشنل جیوگرافک کی ایک تحقیق کے مطابق ڈنمارک دوسرے ممالک کے مقابلے میں زیادہ خوش محسوس کرتا ہے۔ ڈنمارک کی سوسائٹی اور لوگ دنیا کی مشہور خوشی کی کلید رکھتے ہیں۔
فن لینڈ ایک اور ملک ہے جہاں لوگوں کی زندگی صحت مند سمجھی جاتی ہے۔ وہاں کام اور زندگی کے درمیان توازن ہے، لوگ صاف ماحول اور اچھی تعلیم سے لطف اندوز ہوتے ہیں۔ دباؤ سے پاک زندگی انہیں خوش اور پرمسرت زندگی گزارنے میں مدد دیتی ہے۔
بھوٹان، ہمالیہ پہاڑوں میں واقع ایک چھوٹا سا ملک، آج کل سیاحوں میں بہت مقبول ہو رہا ہے۔ بھوٹان کے بادشاہ اپنے ملک کی ترقی کو خوشی اور صحت سے جوڑتے ہیں۔ وہ ‘خالص قومی خوشی’ کی بات کرتے ہیں۔ آسان الفاظ میں، وہ سمجھتے ہیں کہ خوشی ملک کی ترقی کی پیمائش کا بہترین طریقہ ہے۔
خوشی کا راز زندگی کی سادگی میں چھپا ہوا ہے۔ سادہ زندگی بلند خیالات کی حوصلہ افزائی کرتی ہے۔ یہ اطمینان کی طرف لے جاتی ہے۔ اطمینان اندرونی دولت دیتا ہے، دماغ اور روح کی دولت۔ لیکن ہم خوشی کو کیسے ماپ سکتے ہیں؟ شاید صحت ہی بہترین طریقہ ہے یہ جاننے کا کہ لوگ کتنے خوش ہیں۔ عام طور پر کہا جاتا ہے کہ ‘خوش لوگ عام طور پر بیمار نہیں ہوتے”۔
Exercise
Match the words with their correct meanings.
Immune system – pressure or tension exerted due to a problem
endorphins – the quality of being amused or comic
stress – the average period that a person may expect to live
lightens – a numerical or other measurable factor forming one of a set that defines a system or sets the conditions of its operation.
temporarily – the process of the body that provide resistance to infection and toxins.
humour – to make or brighten up something
life-expectancy – a state of happiness and satisfaction
parameters – a group of hormones secreted within the brain and nervous system and having a number of physiological functions.
contentment – for a limited period of time or not permanently
Answer
Word | Correct Meaning |
---|---|
Immune system | the process of the body that provides resistance to infection and toxins. |
endorphins | a group of hormones secreted within the brain and nervous system and having a number of physiological functions. |
stress | pressure or tension exerted due to a problem |
lightens | to make or brighten up something |
temporarily | for a limited period of time or not permanently |
humour | the quality of being amused or comic |
life-expectancy | the average period that a person may expect to live |
parameters | a numerical or other measurable factor forming one of a set that defines a system or sets the conditions of its operation. |
contentment | a state of happiness and satisfaction |
Exercise
Complete the sentences with the words from the text.
a) Happy people generally don’t get ____________.
b) We use 15 different ____________ in our face when we laugh.
c) Laughter is good for every ____________ in our body.
d) A good, hearty ____________ relieves physical ____________ and stress, leaving our muscles relaxed.
e) Iceland is the ____________ country in the world.
f) Bhutan, a small country in the ____________, is becoming very popular with tourists nowadays.
Answer
a) Happy people generally don’t get sick.
b) We use 15 different muscles in our face when we laugh.
c) Laughter is good for every organ in our body.
d) A good, hearty laugh relieves physical tension and stress, leaving our muscles relaxed.
e) Iceland is the healthiest country in the world.
f) Bhutan, a small country in the Himalayan Mountains, is becoming very popular with tourists nowadays.
Exercise
The information in the given sentences is not correct. Rewrite the sentences with the correct information.
a) We use 45 different muscles in our face when we laugh.
b) Laughing is good for every organ in our kidneys.
c) Laughter protects our legs from injuries.
d) Denmark and Switzerland are the saddest countries in the world with people living up to 60 years and less.
e) Bhutan is a large country located in Mount Everest.
f) The secret of happiness lies in getting the luxuries of life.
Answer
a) We use 15 different muscles in our face when we laugh.
b) Laughing is good for every organ in our body.
c) Laughter improves the function of blood vessels and increases blood flow, which can help protect us against a heart attack and other cardiovascular problems.
d) Denmark and Switzerland are the happiest countries in the world with people living up to 80 years and more.
e) Bhutan is a small country in the Himalayan Mountains.
f) The secret of happiness lies in the simplification of life.
Exercise
Answer the questions.
1. What are the parameters for a life full of joy and fulfillment?
Answer: There are various parameters for a life full of joy and fulfillment. It includes a proper balance between rest and recreation, keeping in touch with our loved ones and friendship, and having companionship.
In addition to this, there are some other important factors that can add more for us to live a happy life. These are as following; feeling safe, being healthy, and having the freedom to live the life that is right for us.
2. Why do you think health and happiness are related?
Answer: Health and happiness are related because happy people usually have stronger immune systems, lower stress levels, and overall better health.
If you stay happy and often laugh, it can improve your immune function, reduce stress hormones in your body, and release endorphins, which help improve your physical health.
3. What factors make Denmark and Switzerland the happiest countries in the world?
Answer: Denmark and Switzerland are the happiest countries in the world, and there are several factors behind this desired status. I would like to mention a few of them here.
- High life expectancy.
- Clean air and environment.
- Good healthcare.
- A strong sense of safety and community.
- A balance in their work-life.
- Good education, and
- A stress-free lifestyle.
4. How can we bring happiness in our lives? Write at least 5 to 6 sentences.
Answer: Bringing happiness into our lives is easy. If we make simple goals, and take small steps to achieve it, it our life will become full of ease and happiness.
First of all, we need to maintain a balance between work and the time of rest or leisure. Secondly, it is important to spend quality time with our family and friends. It gives us a sense of unity, and makes us a confident person.
Thirdly, we need to find reasons to be happy in everyday situations. For this, I would advise you to gather around humorous and funny people. Their healthy company will make your day, and you will also learn lessons of life from them. This can diminish stress from your life for sure.
Lastly, focus on simple living and be thankful to Allah for what you have. This can lead you to a more joyful and fulfilling life.
Exercise
Task: Underline each independent clause in the given sentences.
- Laughter protects the heart which is essential for our living.
- Laughter relaxes the whole body while leaving our muscles relaxed for up to 45 minutes.
- Laughter boosts our immune system whereas reduces stress.
- A study in Norway found that people with a strong sense of humor outlived those who don’t laugh much.
- 15 muscles in our face are used when we laugh.
Answer
- Laughter protects the heart which is essential for our living.
- Laughter relaxes the whole body while leaving our muscles relaxed for up to 45 minutes.
- Laughter boosts our immune system whereas reduces stress.
- A study in Norway found that people with a strong sense of humor outlived those who don’t laugh much.
- 15 muscles in our face are used when we laugh.
Exercise
Informative Writing:
When you write an informative piece of writing, remember to present a main idea and support it with facts. You can include information from several sources. An informative writing draws conclusions based on the information presented and is organized in a logical way. You can use rhetorical questions to engage the reader in your work. It is always suggested to use transition words in an informative writing.
Use authentic sources:
When looking for information about a particular area or event, it is recommended to consult an encyclopedia, a book, a magazine article or a website.
Note-Taking:
When you collect information for a report, an article or an event, a good idea is to take notes. Notes always help you to keep your writing organized with facts. You can note down dates, key features of the event or some quotations to make your work more engaging for the reader.
Your turn to write:
Task: In recent times, we have seen intolerance and stress rising a lot in our society. Write an informative report on how to reduce stress and bring about happiness in the society.
Try to use facts and figures to prove your point. You may search the internet and various other sources.
Making Notes for the Topic
Healthy Lifestyle:
- Regular Exercise:
- Note: Regular physical activity releases endorphins.
- Fact: According to the Mayo Clinic, engaging in regular exercise helps release endorphins, which are natural mood enhancers.
- Example: Harvard Medical School’s research shows that just 30 minutes of daily exercise can significantly alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety.
- Balanced Diet:
- Note: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins improves mental health.
- Fact: The American Psychological Association highlights that a balanced diet can reduce stress.
- Example: Consuming foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon, can lower cortisol levels.
Social Connections:
- Building Strong Relationships:
- Note: Good relationships are key to happiness.
- Fact: The Harvard Study of Adult Development reveals the importance of strong relationships.
- Example: Regular interactions with family, friends, and community members provide emotional support.
- Community Engagement:
- Note: Volunteering fosters a sense of purpose.
- Fact: According to the Corporation for National and Community Service, volunteering lowers rates of depression and anxiety.
- Example: Community engagement strengthens the social fabric.
Positive Mental Habits:
- Mindfulness and Meditation:
- Note: Mindfulness reduces stress and improves focus.
- Fact: The American Psychological Association reports that mindfulness enhances well-being.
- Example: Regular meditation decreases cortisol production and increases serotonin levels.
- Laughter and Humor:
- Note: Laughter reduces stress hormones.
- Fact: The Mayo Clinic notes that laughter boosts the immune system.
- Example: Engaging in activities that elicit laughter can yield mental health benefits.
Informative Report on
How to Reduce Stress and Bring About Happiness in Society?
Introduction
A stress-free, happy life is a blessing to have. However, the desire to succeed in life socially and economically has risen the rate of stress and intolerance potentially in the youth.
You see, stress is a silent killer of happiness. It can lead to various health problems and lower our quality of life. Nevertheless, we can reduce stress and increase happiness in our life through effective strategies.
In this report, I will bring forth these methods with support of supported facts and figures. By the end of this informative report, you will get some practical solutions for a happy living.
1. Healthy Lifestyle
No one on earth can deny the importance of a healthy lifestyle for a happy life, and a happy society. It is an effective remedy to reduce stress and promote happiness.
Now, what is a healthy lifestyle in real? Well, it is a combination of two key aspects; regular exercise and a balanced diet.
Regular Exercise
Regular physical activity is a powerful way to reduce stress. According to the Mayo Clinic, exercise releases endorphins, natural chemicals that make us feel good.
Similarly, a research from Harvard Medical School takes it a step further. According to their study, 30 minutes of exercise each day can significantly reduce depression and anxiety symptoms in a person.
Therefore, it proves that it is essential for us to include physical activity in our daily routines to improving our mental health.
Balanced Diet
Eating a healthy diet is always a good idea for your mental well-being. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can reduce stress, states The American Psychological Association.
For example, if we eat foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish like Rohu or walnuts, it can lower cortisol levels in our body, which is a hormone related to stress.
2. Social Connections
Humans are social by nature, and a human personality cannot be more fresh and happy if not socialized. Hence, making strong social connections can provide emotional support and help reduce stress in us, humans.
So, we need to build meaningful relationships with others. One such way is to engage in community activities. You would experience, it can make a significant difference.
Building Strong Relationships
Good relationships are key to a happy and healthy life. A study by the Harvard Study of Adult Development found that people with strong relationships are happier and live longer.
In life, we need emotional support to reduce stress and improve our mental well-being. Therefore, we must regularly interact with our family, friends, and community members to get this dire emotional support.
Community Engagement
Together we form a community, with same human bodies and the same needs for all. So, if we participate in the community activities and volunteer, it can create a sense of purpose and belonging.
The Corporation for National and Community Service conducted a research to dig this out more. They found that people who volunteer experience lower rates of depression and anxiety.
Hence proved, community engagement benefits individuals and strengthens the social fabric of society.
3. Positive Mental Habits
Adopting positive mental habits can effectively reduce stress and increase happiness. Practices such as mindfulness and laughter can have a significant impact on mental health.
Mindfulness and Meditation
Mindfulness practices, such as meditation, can reduce stress and improve focus. The American Psychological Association reports that mindfulness enhances overall well-being.
Regular meditation decreases cortisol production and increases serotonin levels, promoting happiness and reducing stress.
Laughter and Humor
Laughter is a powerful way to reduce stress. The Mayo Clinic notes that laughter reduces stress hormones and boosts the immune system.
Engaging in activities that make you laugh, like watching a comedy or spending time with funny friends, can have immediate and long-lasting benefits for mental health.
Conclusion
Reducing stress and increasing happiness in society requires a holistic approach. This includes a healthy lifestyle, strong social connections, and positive mental habits.
By incorporating regular exercise, eating a balanced diet, building strong relationships, engaging in community activities, practicing mindfulness, and finding reasons to laugh, we can improve our well-being and contribute to a happier, healthier society.
Rhetorical Question
Can you imagine a society where everyone actively works towards reducing their stress and enhancing their happiness? What a wonderful world that would be!
Sources
- Mayo Clinic
- Harvard Medical School
- American Psychological Association
- Corporation for National and Community Service
Conclusion
Thank you for reading 8th Class English Notes of Unit 8.2 titled Happiness and Health.
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