8th Class English Notes (Unit 8.1) Our Immune System

This is Text-1 of chapter #8 “Diet And Fitness” in the 8th class English book. It provides students with 8th Class English Notes of Unit 8.1 titled Our Immune System.

In this complete guide and key book, you get solved exercises of the 8th class English textbook (new edition) of Federal Board (FBISE) and all Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) boards of Elementary and Secondary Education.

8th Class English Notes (Unit 8.1) Our Immune System

Urdu Translation of the Lesson “Our Immune System”

ہمارا نظامِ قوت مدافعت

ہماری قوت مدافعت کو اپنی اعلیٰ کارکردگی پر کام کرنے کی ضرورت ہے تاکہ وہ ہمیں بیماریوں اور غیر ملکی حملہ آوروں سے بچا سکے۔ ہماری خوراک، یقیناً، ہماری قوت مدافعت اور صحت پر بہت بڑا اثر ڈالتی ہے۔ اپنی قوت مدافعت کو قدرتی طور پر بہتر کرنے کے کچھ طریقے یہ ہیں:

اینٹی آکسیڈنٹ کھانے کھائیں۔ اینٹی آکسیڈنٹس ایسے غذائی اجزاء ہیں جو ہمارے جسم میں آزاد ذرات کو کنٹرول اور ان کے نقصان کی مرمت میں مدد کرتے ہیں۔ یہ وٹامن سی اور ای کے ساتھ ساتھ زنک، سیلینیم، اور پوٹاشیم جیسے معدنیات ہیں۔ کچھ اچھے اینٹی آکسیڈنٹ کھانوں میں بیریز، بروکلی، گوبھی، میوہ جات، بیج، ترش پھل، انناس، پالک، ٹماٹر، مرچیں، سمندری غذا، اور مکئی شامل ہیں۔

زیادہ زنک لیں۔ زنک ایک معدنیات ہے جو سفید خون کے خلیات میں ایک انزائم کے طور پر کام کرتا ہے۔ جب آپ کے نظام میں زنک کی کمی ہوتی ہے تو آپ کی قوت مدافعت کمزور ہونے کا رجحان رکھتی ہے۔ زنک کے کچھ اچھے غذائی ذرائع گوشت، مچھلی، اور دودھ کی مصنوعات ہیں۔ آپ زنک سپلیمنٹ بھی لے سکتے ہیں، لیکن اپنے ڈاکٹر کی نگرانی میں لیں۔

اچھی نیند لیں۔ جب آپ کافی نیند نہیں لیتے ہیں تو آپ کا نظام کافی ہارمونز نہیں چھوڑتا جو آپ کے نظام کو دوبارہ پیدا کرنے میں مدد کریں اور آپ کی قوت مدافعت کمزور ہو جاتی ہے۔

دھوپ میں نکلیں۔ دھوپ آپ کی جلد کے لیے نقصان دہ ہو سکتی ہے اگر آپ خود کو محفوظ نہ کریں، لیکن ہلکی دھوپ وٹامن ڈی جاری کرنے میں مدد کرتی ہے جو آپ کی قوت مدافعت کے لیے بہت فائدہ مند ہے اور آپ کا مزاج بھی بہتر کرتی ہے۔ صرف 15 منٹ دھوپ میں گزارنا کافی ہے تاکہ آپ کو صحت مند مقدار میں دھوپ مل سکے اور اس کے فوائد حاصل ہو سکیں۔

زیادہ لہسن کھائیں۔ ہاں، لہسن کھانے سے آپ کی سانس کی بو آ سکتی ہے، لیکن آپ حیران ہوں گے کہ اس کے آپ کی صحت کے لیے کتنے فائدے ہیں۔ یہ خوش ذائقہ اور مضبوط جڑی بوٹی آپ کی قوت مدافعت کو بڑھا سکتی ہے اور دل کی صحت کے لیے بہتر سرکولیشن کے مسائل کو صاف کر سکتی ہے۔

دل سے ہنسیں۔ کہتے ہیں ہنسی سب سے بہترین دوا ہے، اور اس میں کچھ بات ہے۔ یہ تناؤ کو کم کرتی ہے، آپ کے دل کو تیز کرتی ہے، اور آپ کی قوت مدافعت کی توانائی کو مضبوط کرتی ہے تاکہ یہ مختلف بیماریوں سے لڑ سکے۔

Exercise

Listen to the audio clip again and tick the correct statements.

1. Which benefits of immune systems are mentioned in the audio?

a) eat antioxidant foods
b) take more zinc
c) sleep adequately
d) get yourself out in the sun
e) eat more garlic
f) laugh with your heart

Answer: All of the above benefits of immune systems are mentioned in the audio of the lesson.

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct option.

a. Eat … foods

a. fast
b. low calorie
c. antioxidant

b. Take more …

a. iron
b. selenium
c. zinc

c. … adequately

a. Eat
b. Sleep
c. Move

d. Get yourself out in the …

a. sun
b. sea
c. air

e. Eat more …

a. onions
b. parsley
c. garlic

f. Laugh with your…

a. mouth
b. head
c. heart

3. Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the text.

a) Our diets have a great impact on our _______ health.
- Answer: immune
b) Antioxidants are _______ that help control and repair the damage of free radicals in our bodies.
- Answer: nutrients
c) Zinc acts as an _______ factor in white blood cells.
- Answer: enzyme
d) Mild sun exposure helps release _______ in your body, which is quite beneficial for your immune system.
- Answer: vitamin D
e) Laughter keeps your _______ racing, and strengthens the energy of your immune system.
- Answer: heart

Exercise

4. Listen to the text again and answer the following questions.

a) What is the best antioxidant food?

Answer: Antioxidants are nutrients that help control and repair the damage of free radicals in our bodies. Some of the best antioxidant foods include berries, broccoli, cauliflower, nuts, seeds, citrus fruits, pineapples, spinach, tomatoes, peppers, seafood, and corn.

b) What are the benefits of taking zinc?

Answer: Zinc is a mineral that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It acts as an enzyme factor in white blood cells, helping them function properly. When you take enough zinc, it strengthens your immune system, making it better at fighting off infections. A deficiency in zinc can weaken your immune system, making you more susceptible to illnesses.

c) Why is sleep so important? How much time should you spend in the sun for vitamin D?

Answer: Sleep is important because it allows your body to release hormones that help regenerate and repair your system. When you don’t get enough sleep, your immune system becomes weaker and less effective at fighting off infections. For vitamin D, it is beneficial to spend about 15 minutes in the sun each day. This exposure helps your body produce vitamin D, which is essential for a strong immune system and overall health.

d) What is the benefit of garlic?

Answer: Garlic is a powerful herb that can boost your immune system. It has multiple health benefits, including improving heart health by helping with circulation. Although eating garlic may make your breath smell, it is very good for your body because it helps clear circulatory issues and strengthens your immune system.

e) Why do they say laughter is the best medicine?

Answer: Laughter is considered the best medicine because it has many positive effects on the body. It reduces stress, keeps your heart healthy by making it beat faster, and strengthens the energy of your immune system. When you laugh, your immune system becomes more active and better at fighting off diseases, making you healthier and happier.Top of Form

Exercise

Task: Use an encyclopedia to find more information about our immune system and write a paragraph on how we can strengthen our immune system to fight against viruses like Covid-19. Do talk about the types of diets we need to adopt to boost our immune system.

Tips to Strengthen Our Immune System

Our immune system is our body’s defense against infections and illnesses. To strengthen our immune system and fight against viruses like Covid-19, we can follow some simple steps.

First, eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables is very important. Foods that are high in antioxidants, such as berries, nuts, and leafy greens, help protect our cells from damage. Zinc-rich foods like meat, fish, and dairy products boost our immune system by helping white blood cells function properly.

Garlic is another powerful food that can improve our immune health and heart function. Getting enough sleep is also crucial because it allows our body to repair itself and strengthen our immune defenses.

Spending about 15 minutes in the sun each day helps our body produce vitamin D, which is vital for a strong immune system. Finally, laughter and reducing stress are beneficial as they keep our immune system active and energetic.

By following these simple steps, we can keep our immune system strong and better protect ourselves from viruses and other illnesses.

Exercise

Task: In pairs, think of a topic related to an important health issue. Develop an argumentative talk on given topics. One person needs to speak in favour and the other against the topic.

For example:

A: It’s important to do exercise…

B: … and eat the right food to stay healthy.

Here are some sentences you could start with:

You can do exercise…

I don’t like sport…

It’s best not to eat a lot of fast food…

Answer

Topic: Is it important to exercise regularly?

Person A (In Favour):

A: “You can do exercise every day to stay healthy. Exercise helps you maintain a healthy weight, improves your mood, and boosts your energy levels. It also reduces the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Even a simple walk for 30 minutes a day can make a big difference. Regular exercise strengthens your muscles and bones, making you feel stronger and more active.”

Person B (Against):

B: “I don’t like sport or exercise because it takes up too much time and can be very tiring. Many people have busy schedules and find it difficult to fit exercise into their daily routine. Besides, some people may not enjoy physical activities and prefer to relax in their free time. It’s also possible to stay healthy by focusing on a balanced diet and avoiding junk food. Not everyone needs to exercise regularly to be healthy; it depends on the individual’s lifestyle and preferences.”

Additional Sentences to Start With:

“It’s best not to eat a lot of fast food if you want to stay healthy.”
“Regular exercise can help you sleep better at night.”
“Some people believe that mental exercises, like reading and puzzles, are just as important as physical ones.”
“You can stay healthy by doing other activities, like gardening or playing with your kids.”
“There are many ways to be active without going to the gym, like dancing or hiking.”