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8th Class English Notes (Unit-4) Let’s Make Our Roads Safer [PTB New Book Guide]
This page provides 8th Class English Notes of Unit #4 titled “Let’s Make Our Roads Safer” from the Class 8 English book (new edition) of the Punjab Textbook Board.
In this complete guide and key book, you get solved exercises and notes of the PTB class 8 English book. It serves the students and teachers of all educational boards of Elementary and Secondary Education under the School Education Department of Punjab.
8th Class English Notes (Unit-4) Let’s Make Our Roads Safer – [PTB New Edition Book] The Free Key Book
Urdu Translation of the Lesson #4 “Let’s Make Our Roads Safer”
آئیے اپنی سڑکوں (شاہراہوں) کو محفوظ بنائیں
۔1۔ ہر روز جب ہم اسکولوں، دفاتر یا بازاروں میں جاتے ہیں تو ہمیں سڑکوں کا استعمال کرنا پڑتا ہے اور ٹریفک سے گزرنا پڑتا ہے۔ آپ نے ضرور دیکھا ہوگا کہ کبھی کبھی لوگ ٹریفک قوانین کی خلاف ورزی کرتے ہیں جس سے ہماری سڑکیں غیر محفوظ اور خطرناک ہو جاتی ہیں۔ بدقسمتی سے، سڑک حادثات کے شکار زیادہ تر نوجوان ہوتے ہیں جن کی عمر 30 سال سے کم ہوتی ہے۔ مزید برآں، سڑکوں پر بے ضابطگی کی وجہ سے ٹریفک جام اور بھیڑ پیدا ہوتی ہے، جو بحیثیت قوم ہم پر منفی اثر ڈالتی ہے۔
۔2۔ سوال یہ ہے کہ کیا حادثات اور اموات کی تعداد کو کم کیا جا سکتا ہے؟ جواب ہاں میں ہے – اگر ہم سڑک کی حفاظت کو ایک سماجی مسئلہ کے طور پر تسلیم کریں اور اپنا کردار ادا کریں اور اپنی ذمہ داریوں کو پورا کریں تو ہم اس مسئلے پر قابو پا سکتے ہیں۔ ہر شہری کی سب سے اہم ذمہ داری قوانین کی پابندی کرنا ہے۔ ٹریفک قوانین کی خلاف ورزی جرم ہے۔ ہم میں سے کوئی بھی ‘مجرم’ کہلانا پسند نہیں کرے گا اور سزا ملنا نہیں چاہے گا۔ ٹریفک قوانین کی پابندی کر کے ہم سڑک حادثات سے بچ سکتے ہیں، قیمتی جانیں بچا سکتے ہیں اور اپنے ملک کی ساکھ کو بہتر بنا سکتے ہیں۔
۔3۔ تحقیق سے پتہ چلتا ہے کہ تقریباً 80% ٹریفک حادثات ڈرائیوروں کی غلطی یا غفلت کی وجہ سے ہوتے ہیں۔ حادثات کی اہم وجوہات یہ ہیں
:تیز رفتاری اور بے ہنگم ڈرائیونگ
تیز رفتاری سڑک حادثات میں اموات یا چوٹوں کی سب سے اہم وجہ ہے۔ مختلف سڑکوں کے لیے رفتار کی حدود مقرر ہیں۔ ڈرائیوروں کو اپنی گاڑیوں کو مقررہ رفتار کی حدود کے اندر چلانا ہوتا ہے اور اسکولوں، کالجوں، اسپتالوں، شہری علاقوں اور خراب موسم کے حالات میں رفتار کم کرنی چاہیے۔ مقررہ رفتار کی حدود کی خلاف ورزی نہ صرف سڑک استعمال کرنے والوں کی زندگیوں کو خطرے میں ڈالتی ہے بلکہ جرمانے اور قانونی کارروائی کا باعث بھی بنتی ہے۔
:ڈرائیونگ کے دوران موبائل فون کا استعمال
ڈرائیونگ کے دوران موبائل فون کا استعمال ایک ممکنہ طور پر خطرناک عمل ہے، جو سنگین حادثات کا سبب بن سکتا ہے۔ یہ ڈرائیور کی توجہ ہٹاتا ہے۔ ہمیں ڈرائیونگ کے دوران موبائل فون کے استعمال سے گریز کرنا چاہیے اور دوسروں کو بھی ایسا کرنے سے روکنا چاہیے کیونکہ یہ ٹریفک قوانین کے تحت ممنوع ہے اور انتہائی خطرناک ہے۔
:سیٹ بیلٹ نہ پہننا
گاڑی میں ڈرائیوروں اور مسافروں کے لیے سیٹ بیلٹ پہننا جان بچا سکتا ہے۔ حادثے کے دوران، سیٹ بیلٹ جان لیوا چوٹوں کے خطرے کو 50-60% تک کم کر سکتا ہے۔ سیٹ بیلٹ نہ پہننا بھی ٹریفک قوانین کے تحت قابل سزا ہے۔ اس لیے ہمیں ہمیشہ اپنے سفر کا آغاز کرنے سے پہلے سیٹ بیلٹ ضرور پہننا چاہیے۔
:حفاظتی ہیلمٹ نہ پہننا
موٹر سائیکل سوار جان لیوا حادثات کے لیے انتہائی کمزور ہوتے ہیں۔ بہت سے طلباء اپنی درسگاہوں تک جانے کے لیے موٹر سائیکلوں/سائیکلوں کا استعمال کرتے ہیں لیکن اکثر حفاظتی ہیلمٹ نہیں پہنتے۔ ہیلمٹ پہننا حادثے کی صورت میں سر اور چہرے کی شدید چوٹوں سے تحفظ فراہم کرتا ہے اور بقا کے امکانات کو 80% تک بڑھاتا ہے۔
:ٹریفک سگنلز کی خلاف ورزی
ٹریفک سگنلز ٹریفک کو منظم کرنے کے اہم آلات ہیں۔ سرخ سگنل پر رکنا لازمی ہے۔ سرخ سگنل کو پار کرنا ٹریفک قوانین کی سنگین خلاف ورزی ہے اور ہمیں اسے کبھی نہیں کرنا چاہیے۔ ہمیں ٹریفک سگنلز کا احترام کرنا چاہیے اور ان کی پابندی کرنی چاہیے جو ٹریفک کو دستی طور پر منظم کرتے ہیں۔
:لین کی خلاف ورزی
سڑکوں کو سفید لکیروں کے ذریعے لینوں میں تقسیم کیا جاتا ہے۔ لین کا مقصد ٹریفک ڈسپلن کو برقرار رکھنا ہے۔ ہمیں کسی خاص لین میں رہنا چاہیے اور لین تبدیل کرنے سے پہلے صحیح اشارہ دینا چاہیے۔ لین کی خلاف ورزی سنگین حادثے کا سبب بن سکتی ہے اور اس پر جرمانہ عائد ہو سکتا ہے۔ انتہائی بائیں لین بھاری اور سست رفتار گاڑیوں کے لیے ہے اور انتہائی دائیں لین اوور ٹیکنگ کے لیے ہے۔
:ٹریفک سائنز کی خلاف ورزی
سڑک کنارے پر ٹریفک سائنز سڑک استعمال کرنے والوں کے لیے اہم معلومات فراہم کرتے ہیں۔ ان سائنز کی خلاف ورزی ہمارے اور دوسروں کے لیے خطرناک ہو سکتی ہے۔
4۔4۔ بطور ذمہ دار سڑک استعمال کرنے والوں کے، ہمیں نہ صرف اپنی اور دوسروں کی جان بچانے کے لیے اقدامات کرنے چاہئیں بلکہ سڑکوں پر بہتر ماحول پیدا کرنے میں بھی مدد کرنی چاہیے۔ جب بھی ڈرائیور کسی ایمرجنسی گاڑی (ایمبولینس، فائر بریگیڈ، یا پولیس گاڑی) کا سائرن سنتا ہے، تو اسے بائیں طرف اشارہ دینا چاہیے اور دائیں لین کی گاڑی کو محفوظ طریقے سے بائیں لین میں آنے دینا چاہیے، تاکہ ایمرجنسی گاڑی کو راستہ مل سکے۔ ایسی گاڑیوں پر سرخ روشنی کا چمکنا اس بات کی علامت ہے کہ ایک زندگی خطرے میں ہے۔ ڈرائیور کو انہیں راستہ دینا چاہیے، تاکہ وہ جلد از جلد موقع پر پہنچ سکیں اور مصیبت میں مبتلا لوگوں کی مدد کر سکیں۔
5۔5۔ ٹریفک ڈسپلن کسی معاشرے کی شائستگی کی عکاسی کرتا ہے، اس لیے ہمیں خود کو ایک قانون پسند اور ذمہ دار قوم ثابت کرنا چاہیے۔
Exercise
A. Speech Writing
Task: Read different texts about road accidents, and prepare a speech to inform the listeners about saving lives by following traffic rules.
Answer
Speech on Saving Lives by Following Traffic Rules
Honorable Principal, respected teachers, and my dear fellows, Assalam-o-Alaikum and good morning!
Today, I want to talk about the importance of following traffic rules to save lives. You see, many people across our country lose their lives in road accidents every single day. But little did we know that most of these accidents can be prevented if we all follow traffic rules.
Dear fellows, in speech today, I would like to highlight some of the causes of traffic accidents. Along with that, my speech will also cover the remedial ways we have to avoid the accidents and save our lives as well as the lives of other people.
Firstly, over speeding is a major cause of accidents. We must always drive within the speed limits, especially near schools, hospitals, and residential areas.
Secondly, using mobile phones while driving can distract the drivers. It is thus extremely dangerous as it can result into the loss of control over the vehicle in case of a sudden encounter with anything on the road. So, the drivers must always keep their focus on the road.
Thirdly, seat belts are the life-savers. They reduce the risk of fatal injuries during accidents. Therefore, we must encourage the use of seat belts for all drivers and passengers while getting onboard a vehicle.
Additionally, a major cause of road accidents in our country is the motorcyclists not wearing helmets. Bike riders should always wear helmets to protect themselves from severe head injuries.
Lastly, outdated and mechanically unfit vehicles cause a huge environmental damage and human loss, as they can result in fatal road accidents anywhere, anytime. Hence, such vehicles must not be allowed on the road.
Respectable audience and my dear fellow, we can make our roads safer for everyone by doing two things:
- Follow all the rules of traffic and road safety ourselves.
- Spread awareness among others as much as we can to let them realize the importance of being careful while travelling on the road.
Let’s all make this commitment to be responsible road users and help reduce accidents.
Thank you.
Exercise
B. Comprehension Questions
1. Write five causes of road accidents.
Answer: There can be many different cause of road accidents. However, I would like to mention five of them over here.
- Over speeding and rash driving.
- Use of mobile phones while driving.
- Not wearing seat belts.
- Not wearing safety helmets.
- Violating traffic signals and lane discipline.
2. How can we contribute to reduce the number of accidents?
Answer: As students and educated citizens of the country, we can play a key role in reducing the number of road accidents. There are several ways to contribute to this social responsibility and the noble cause. Some of them are:
- Follow the traffic rules.
- Drive within speed limits.
- Avoid the use of mobile phones while driving.
- Always wear seat belts and helmets.
- Respect traffic signals, and
- Maintain the lane discipline.
3. How can wearing a helmet increase the chances of survival in case of an accident?
Answer: Helmets are meant to provide protection against a severe head and face injury. According to studies, wearing a helmet can reduce the risk of fatal injuries by 80%. Thus, wearing a helmet can increase the chances of survival in case of an accident.
4. What is a lane and what should we do to change the lane?
Answer: A lane is a division of the road marked by white or yellow lines to keep traffic organized. Changing your lane while driving is very technical and crucial. Therefore, it requires immense presence of the mind and strong driving skills.
However, it is easy if you know your vehicle well enough, and you know the rules for it. So, to change your lane, one should use the side view and the rear view mirrors effectively to make sure there is nor blind-spot. After that, you should indicate properly using turn signals and ensure it is safe to switch to the other lane.
5. Why must we give way to emergency vehicles?
Answer: Emergency vehicles need to reach the scene of an emergency quickly to save lives. Delaying them can result in severe consequences for those in need of urgent help. So, it is our moral obligation that we must give way to them.
6. How do traffic rules help us in controlling/regulating traffic? Recommend ways to keep the traffic moving/flowing on roads.
Answer: With the help of traffic rules, we control and regulate the traffic technically. In order to do this, we provide a structured system for road usage to ensure safety and prevent chaos.
To keep traffic moving, we should follow the following steps.
- Adhere to speed limits.
- Avoid unnecessary stopping on roads.
- Use indicators properly.
- Follow traffic signals and signs.
- Maintain lane discipline.
- Give way to emergency vehicles.
- Take our vehicle to the side of the road in case there occurs a technical fault or a problem.
- Keep our vehicle well maintained and functional to avoid any inconvenience while on the road for ourselves and for others.
- We must know the emergency phone numbers to call for a help in the time of need.
C. Identifying Topic Sentence
Task: Identify the topic sentence and supporting details in paragraph 1.
Answer
Topic Sentence:
- Every day when we go to schools, offices or markets we have to use roads and pass through traffic.
Supporting Details:
- Sometimes people violate traffic laws, making our roads insecure and unsafe.
- Majority of victims of road accidents are young people below 30 years of age.
- Indiscipline on roads leads to traffic jams and congestions, which reflects negatively on us as a nation.
Exercise
A. Proofreading
Task: Proofread the passage and rewrite after corrections.
over speeding is the most crucial factor causing fatalities or injuries in road accidents speed limits are specified for different roads the drivers is required to drove their vehicles whithin given speed limits and should reduce speed near schols colleges hospitals urban areaz and during inclement weather conditions violations of preskribed sped limits not only endangers lifes of road uzers but can also invok penalities and legal action under traffic laws
Answer
Overspeeding is the most crucial factor causing fatalities or injuries in road accidents. Speed limits are specified for different roads. The drivers are required to drive their vehicles within given speed limits and should reduce speed near schools, colleges, hospitals, urban areas, and during inclement weather conditions. Violations of prescribed speed limits not only endanger the lives of road users but can also invoke penalties and legal action under traffic laws.
B. Compound Words
Task: Read the paragraph given below and encircle all the compound words given in the text. Also break the compound words into base words and write those base words in the table given below.
I was walking alongside the road with my best friend Ayesha who had arrived at my home with her grandmother. The weather was very beautiful and everything around was eye-catching. We were discussing various topics of our interest. Ayesha told me that she spent her holidays by watching basketball and football matches because she is a big fan of basketball and football. I told her that I spent most of my time in the upside down walkway in the hilly area as I am a big nature lover. I like the fragrance of roses, the spectacular beauty of sunflowers and attractive butterflies.
Answer
| Compound Words | 1st Base Word | 2nd Base Word |
|---|---|---|
| alongside | along | side |
| best friend | best | friend |
| grandmother | grand | mother |
| eye-catching | eye | catching |
| basketball | basket | ball |
| football | foot | ball |
| upside down | upside | down |
| walkway | walk | way |
| sunflowers | sun | flowers |
| butterflies | butter | flies |
C. Degrees of Adjectives
Task: Fill in the blanks to complete the columns.
Answer
| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|
| large | larger | largest |
| cautious | more cautious | most cautious |
| sad | sadder | saddest |
| helpful | more helpful | most helpful |
| friendly | friendlier | friendliest |
| wet | wetter | wettest |
| far | farther | farthest |
| bad | worse | worst |
Task: Forming Adjectives from Nouns and Verbs
Answer
| Nouns | Adjectives |
|---|---|
| friend | friendly |
| danger | dangerous |
| accident | accidental |
| brute | brutish |
| history | historical |
| person | personal |
| obey | obedient |
| play | playful |
| talk | talkative |
| enjoy | enjoyable |
| help | helpful |
| read | readable |
D. Articles: the, a and an
Task: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate article.
Answer
1. Sana put an orange in her plate.
2. Javed bought a chocolate milk.
3. I ate the last piece of cake.
4. An egg is shaped like an oval.
5. The dog caught a stick.
6. He likes to read the short stories.
7. We went on a field trip.
8. The plates are on the dining table.
9. My grandmother likes the flowers very much.
10. Their car does 150 miles an hour.
11. I always listen to the radio in the morning.
12. Is your mother working in an old office building?
E. Apostrophe (’)
Task: Use apostrophe to contract the given words.
Answer
| Full Form | Contraction |
|---|---|
| it is | it’s |
| we are | we’re |
| I am | I’m |
| they are | they’re |
| you will | you’ll |
| is not | isn’t |
| they will | they’ll |
| was not | wasn’t |
| you are | you’re |
| cannot | can’t |
Task: Write five sentences using words with apostrophe to show possession.
Answer
The following five sentences have apostrophe used in them to show possession.
- This is Sara’s book.
- The teacher’s lounge is upstairs.
- The boys’ uniforms are in the locker room.
- Ali’s car is parked outside.
- The cat’s bowl is empty.
D. Tenses
Task: Put the given verbs in the correct past tense (simple or continuous), and rewrite complete corrected sentences.
- The room (be) full of guests when we (arrive).
- I (meet) Umar at the airport and (accompany) him to his place.
- He (sleep) soundly when I (leave) the house.
- Asim (get) a new job only three weeks ago.
- I (call) Shazia three times, but she (not turn) up.
- The gardener (mow) the grass three days ago.
- Her mother (die) two years ago.
- Saqib (come) inside the room when the storm (break).
- We (eat) our dinner when we (sit) for the drama.
- Mother (wash) some plates a few months ago.
Answer
- The room was full of guests when we arrived.
- I met Umar at the airport and accompanied him to his place.
- He was sleeping soundly when I left the house.
- Asim got a new job only three weeks ago.
- I called Shazia three times, but she did not turn up.
- The gardener mowed the grass three days ago.
- Her mother died two years ago.
- Saqib came inside the room when the storm broke.
- We were eating our dinner when we sat for the drama.
- Mother washed some plates a few months ago.
Exercise
Task B. There are many road accidents that we see on different news channels daily. Mark one of them and find out reasons for that accident. Propose some suggestions to avoid accidents. Take help from the mind map.
Answer
Accident: A recent accident reported on the news involved a car colliding with a motorcycle at a busy intersection.
Reasons:
- Over speeding
- Violating traffic signals
- Distracted driving (use of mobile phone)
Suggestions to Avoid Accidents:
| Causes | Remedies |
|---|---|
| Over speeding | Implement strict enforcement of speed limits |
| Signal violations | Increase fines for traffic signal violations |
| Distracted driving | Launch awareness campaigns about dangers |
| Poor road signage | Improve road infrastructure and signage |
| Lack of safety gear | Encourage use of helmets and seat belts |
Task C. Write a newspaper report on the topic of your interest. You may read some newspaper reports to develop a good one.
Answer
NEWSPAPER NAME
Daily Pakistan News
Date
June 13, 2024
HEADLINE
Major Traffic Accident on Main Boulevard Leaves Two Injured
REPORTER’S NAME
Ayesha Khan
REPORT
Lahore: A major traffic accident occurred yesterday on Main Boulevard, resulting in two people being seriously injured. According to eyewitnesses, a car traveling at high speed collided with a motorcycle at the intersection near Liberty Market.
The impact was severe, causing both the motorcyclist and the car driver to sustain critical injuries. Rescue services arrived promptly and transported the injured to a nearby hospital.
Authorities have cited over speeding and failure to obey traffic signals as the primary causes of the accident. The police have urged the public to adhere to traffic laws to prevent such incidents in the future.
Conclusion
This complete guide of 8th Class English Notes (Unit-4) Let’s Make Our Roads Safer teaches students about the reasons behind road accidents as well as the importance of following the traffic rules.
These detailed notes include solved exercises, SLO based notes, Urdu translation and explanation of the text, and important questions and answers from the first chapter of 8th class English book of PTB.
While preparing these notes, we have tried to make sure they must add value for students who are committed to excel in their studies.
Although we Do Not provide any notes to download in PDF format, our well-structured and easily accessible notes can help you in the best possible way for sure. Give them a read, and you will be satisfied with our effort.
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